A long wire having a semicircular loop of radius r carries a current i as shown in figure. The magnetic induction at the center O due to entire wire is

Text Solution
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According to Biot-Savart's law, the magnetic induction at a point to a current carrying element
is given
by 
Directed normal to plane containing
and r, θ being angle between
and r.
Field due to semicircular arc
Now, angle between a current element
of semicircular arc and the radius vector of the element to point c is
.
Therefore, the magnitude of magnetic induction B at O due to this element,

Hence, magnetic induction due to whole semicircular loop is


The magnetic field due to ab and de is zero, because
or
, so net magnetic field is

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